Wikigender > Wikis > Sexual harassment at the workplace in India

Sexual harassment at the workplace in India

Etc.

In [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Gender Equality in India|Gender Equality in India"], cases of sexual harassment at the workplace often go unreported as many victims prefer to keep quiet, rather than face publicity, and maybe humiliation. In fact, what constituted sexual harassment was also not well defined till the <a href="http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/">Supreme Court of India</a>, in a landmark case <a href="http://www.elaw.org/node/1943">Vishaka & Others vs. The State of Rajasthan and Others (1997)</a> specified what constituted sexual harassment, and laid down guidelines to be followed by employers to tackle complaints of such harassment. The immediate cause for the filing of this writ petition was an incident of alleged brutal gang rape of social worker in a village of Rajasthan.

The litigation resulted from a brutal gang rape of a publicly employed social worker in a village in Rajasthan during the course of her employment. The petitioners bringing the action were various social activists and non-governmental organisations. The primary basis of bringing such an action to the Supreme Court in India was to find suitable methods for the realization of the true concept of “gender equality” in the workplace for women. In turn, the prevention of sexual harassment of women would be addressed by applying the judicial process.

Under <a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/fullact1.asp?tfnm=00%2039">Article 32</a> of the <a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/coifiles/part.htm">Indian Constitution</a>, an action was filed in order to establish the enforcement of the fundamental rights relating to the women in the workplace. In particular it sought to establish the enforcement of Articles <a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/fullact1.asp?tfnm=00%2017">14</a>, <a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/fullact1.asp?tfnm=00%2018">15</a>, <a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/fullact1.asp?tfnm=00%2022">19(1)(g)</a> and <a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/fullact1.asp?tfnm=00%2024">21</a> of the Constitution of India and <a href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cedaw.htm">Articles 11 and 24 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women</a>.
<h2 id="w_guidelines-and-norms">Guidelines and Norms</h2>
The Supreme Court of India, in the judgment, laid down the following guidelines and norms:

HAVING REGARD to the definition of `human rights` in Section 2(d) of the <a href="http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/pohra1993292/">Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993</a>, TAKING NOTE of the fact that the present civil and penal laws in India do not adequately provide for specific protection of women from sexual harassment in work places and that enactment of such legislation will take considerable time, It is necessary and expedient for employers in work places as well as other responsible persons or institutions to observe certain guidelines to ensure the prevention of sexual harassment of women
<ol>
	<li>Duty of the Employer or other responsible persons in work places and other institutions
It shall be the duty of the employer or other responsible persons in work places or other institutions to prevent or deter the commission of acts of sexual harassment and to provide the procedures for the resolution, settlement or prosecution of acts of sexual harassment by taking all steps required.</li>
	<li>Definition For this purpose, sexual harassment includes such unwelcome sexually determined behaviour (whether directly or by implication) as
a) Physical contact and advances;
b) A demand or request for sexual favours;
c) Sexually coloured remarks;
d) Showing pornography;
e) Any other unwelcome physical verbal or non-verbal conduct of sexual nature.
Where any of these acts is committed in circumstances where under the victim of such conduct has a reasonable apprehension that in relation to the victim’s employment or work whether she is drawing salary, or honorarium or voluntary, whether in government, public or private enterprise such conduct can be humiliating and may constitute a health and safety problem. It is discriminatory for instance when the woman has reasonable grounds to believe that her objection would disadvantage her in connection with her employment or work including recruiting or promotion or when it creates a hostile work environment.
Adverse consequences might be visited if the victim does not consent to the conduct in question or raises any objection thereto.</li>
	<li>Preventive Steps all employers or persons in charge of work place whether in the public or private sector should take appropriate steps to prevent sexual harassment. Without prejudice to the generality of this obligation they should take the following steps
(a) Express prohibition of sexual harassment as defined above at the work place should be notified, published and circulated in appropriate ways.
(b) The Rules/Regulations of Government and Public Sector bodies relating to conduct and discipline should include rules/regulations prohibiting sexual harassment and provide for appropriate penalties in such rules against the offender.
(c) As regards private employers steps should be taken to include the aforesaid prohibitions in the standing orders under the <a href="http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/ieoa1946419/">Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946</a>.
(d) Appropriate work conditions should be provided in respect of work, leisure, health and hygiene to further ensure that there is no hostile environment towards women at work places and no employee woman should have reasonable grounds to believe that she is disadvantaged in connection with her employment.</li>
	<li>Criminal Proceedings where such conduct amounts to a specific offence under the <a href="http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/ipc1860111/">Indian Penal Code</a> or under any other law the employer shall initiate appropriate action in accordance with law by making a complaint with the appropriate authority.
In particular, it should ensure that victims or witnesses are not victimized or discriminated against while dealing with complaints of sexual harassment. The victims of sexual harassment should have the option to seek transfer of the perpetrator or their own transfer.</li>
	<li>Disciplinary Action Where such conduct amounts to misconduct in employment as defined by the relevant service rules, appropriate disciplinary action should be initiated by the employer in accordance with those rules.</li>
	<li>Complaint Mechanism Whether or not such conduct constitutes an offence under law or a breach of the service rules, an appropriate complaint mechanism should be created in the employer’s organization for redress of the complaint made by the victim. Such complaint mechanism should ensure time bound treatment of complaints.</li>
	<li>Complaints Committee The complaint mechanism, referred to in (6) above, should be adequate to provide, where necessary, a Complaints Committee, a special counsellor or other support service, including the maintenance of confidentiality
The Complaints Committee should be headed by a woman and not less than half of its member should be women.
Further, to prevent the possibility of any under pressure or influence from senior levels, such Complaints Committee should involve a third party, either NGO or other body who is familiar with the issue of sexual harassment.
The Complaints Committee must make an annual report to the government department concerned of the complaints and action taken by them. The employers and person in charge will also report on the compliance with the aforesaid guidelines including on the reports of the Complaints Committee to the Government department.</li>
	<li>Workers' Initiative Employees should be allowed to raise issues of sexual harassment at workers meeting and in other appropriate forum and it should be affirmatively discussed in Employer-Employee Meetings.</li>
	<li>Awareness of the rights of female employees in this regard should be created in particular by prominently notifying the guidelines (and appropriate legislation when enacted on the subject) in suitable manner.</li>
	<li>Where sexual harassment occurs as a result of an act or omission by any third party or outsider, the employer and person in charge will take all steps necessary and reasonable to assist the affected person in terms of support and preventive action.</li>
	<li>The Central/State Governments are requested to consider adopting suitable measures including legislation to ensure that the guidelines laid down by this order are also observed by the employers in Private Sector.</li>
	<li>These guidelines will not prejudice any rights available under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
Accordingly, we direct that the above guidelines and norms would be strictly observed in all work places for the preservation and enforcement of the right to gender equality of the working women. These directions would be binding and enforceable in law until suitable legislation is enacted to occupy the field. These Writ Petitions are disposed of, accordingly.”</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="w_see-also">References</h2>
<ul>
	<li><a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/">Texts of all laws passed by the Indian Parliament</a></li>
	<li><a href="http://www.judis.nic.in/">Court judgments in India</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="w_see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
	<li>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Indian Laws relating to Women and Children & Children|Gender Equality in Indian Laws relating to Women and Children & Children"]</li>
	<li>[Pagelink infos="Sexual Harassment|Sexual Harassment"]</li>
	<li>[Pagelink infos="Sexual Harassment Legislation|Sexual Harassment Legislation"]</li>
</ul>

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