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<p>[DoubleBrace]Incomplete_article[/DoubleBrace] </p><p>Sexism is a term that refers to the belief or attitude that one gender is inferior to the other. It can also refer to hatred of, or [Image infos="Fight_sexism.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'Fight_Sexism'_street_art_in_Berlin"]distrust towards, either sex as a whole. This is termed '[Pagelink infos="Misogyny|misogyny"]' (if against women) and '[Pagelink infos="Misandry|misandry"]' (if against men). Sexism includes the application of stereotypes of masculinity and femininity to men and women. Sexism is typically associated with the subordination of women, and is the target of [Pagelink infos="Feminism|feminism"]. </p> <div id="toc"><h2>Table of Contents</h2> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_manifestations-of-sexism"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Manifestations of Sexism</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_sexism-in-politics"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sexism in Politics</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_sexual-discrimination"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Sexual Discrimination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_glass-ceiling"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Glass Ceiling</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_sources"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </div><h2 id="w_manifestations-of-sexism">Manifestations of Sexism<br /></h2> <p>Sexism has many manifestations in contemporary culture. The sexual objectification of [Pagelink infos="Gender and Television|women in the media"], that is, the portrayal of women in stereotypical roles of seductress or housewife, passive agents to the desires and actions of men is one example of sexism. Pornography has been criticised for its portrayal of women as sexual objects who exist solely for male pleasure by feminists. <br /> </p><p>Some other examples of sexism include: [Pagelink infos="Rape|rape"], [Pagelink infos="Domestic violence|domestic violence"]; legal discrimination; and [Pagelink infos="Gender-neutral language|sexism in language"]. <br /> </p> <h3 id="w_sexism-in-politics">Sexism in Politics<br /></h3> <p>The US feminist organisation, the [Pagelink infos="National Organization for Women (NOW)|National Organisation for Women (NOW)"] has argued that sexism is still prominent in contemporary politics: "Female politicians have long struggled with a double standard: while being criticized or perceived as "soft" or "weak" if they come across as too traditionally feminine, they are also accused of being too "hard" or "strident" if they come off as assertive and powerful — traditionally masculine attributes. While these impossible standards are being subverted by successful women politicians such as new House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, many journalists don't seem to know what to do with strong women. These professionals, who should know better, often revert to old-fashioned sexism in describing women leaders (e.g. denigrating women for qualities, like aggressiveness or ambition, that are seen as positive attributes in men), scrutinizing their appearance, and concentrating on their roles as dutiful wives and mothers to the exclusion of their political accomplishments and records on the issues." <br /> </p><p>In [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Australia|Gender Equality in Australia"], awards are given to the most sexist comments made by, usually, male politicians or public figures to raise awareness of the existence of sexism in politics. See [Pagelink infos="The Ernie Awards for Sexism|the Ernie Awards"].<br /> </p> <h2 id="w_sexual-discrimination">Sexual Discrimination<br /></h2> <p>Sexual discrimination is one manifestation of sexism. It refers to an action or actions taken against a person, usually in a workplace or the health and education sectors, which penalises them on account of their gender. In some cases, it also entails the promotion of another person at the expense of the other on account of their gender. For example, an employer may prefer to employ a man as opposed to a woman despite the equal merit of both candidates, simply because he does not believe a woman appropriate for the position. Sexism also manifests in [Pagelink infos="Wage Gaps Between Men and Women|salary gaps"] between men and women. Sexual discrimination is illegal in most countries. <br /> </p> <h2 id="w_glass-ceiling">Glass Ceiling<br /></h2> <p>The 'glass ceiling' is another phenomenon related to sexism. It refers to the inability of women to be promoted to the higher echelons of their profession, usually because their gender is considered to be a barrier to promotion. In the United States, the Glass Ceiling Commission, a government-funded group, stated: "Over half of all Master’s degrees are now awarded to women, yet 95% of senior-level managers, of the top Fortune 1000 industrial and 500 service companies are men. Of them, 97% are white." In its report, it recommended reverse discrimination, which is the consideration of an employee's gender and race in hiring and promotion decisions, as a means to end this form of discrimination.<br /> </p> <h2 id="w_sources">Sources<br /></h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.now.org/issues/media/070315hillary_media.html" alt="http://www.now.org/issues/media/070315hillary_media.html">http://www.now.org/issues/media/070315hillary_media.html</a> <br /> </li></ul> <p> </p>
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