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Millennium Development Goals

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<p>[Image infos="MDG.jpg|thumb|right"]The <b>Millennium Development Goals</b> are eight goals that 189 United Nations member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015. 
</p><p>The Millennium Development Goals were officially established at the Millennium Summit in 2000, where 189 world leaders adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration, from which the eight-goal action plan, the 'Millennium Development Goals', was particularly promoted. 
</p>
<div id="toc"><h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_goals"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Goals</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_eradicate-extreme-poverty-and-hunger"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_achieve-universal-gid-variables-school-enrolmentprimary-education"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Achieve universal [Pagelink infos="Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base Variables: School Enrolment|primary education"]</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_promote-gender-equality-and-empower-women"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Promote gender equality and empower women</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_reduce-child-mortality"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Reduce child mortality</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_improve-maternal-health"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Improve maternal health</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_combat-hivaids-malaria-and-other-diseases"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_ensure-environmental-sustainability"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Ensure environmental sustainability</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_develop-a-global-partnership-for-development"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Develop a global partnership for development</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_progress-reports"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Progress reports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_references"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_see-also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See Also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_external-links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_mdg1-eradicate-extreme-poverty-and-hunger"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">MDG1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_mdg-3-promote-gender-equality-and-empower-women"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_mdgs-as-a-whole"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">MDGs as a whole</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#w_progress-and-regional-reports-about-gender-equality-and-mdgs"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Progress and regional reports about gender equality and MDGs</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><h2 id="w_goals">Goals</h2>
<p>The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were developed out of the eight chapters of the United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000. The eight goals and 21 targets include: 
</p>
<h3 id="w_eradicate-extreme-poverty-and-hunger">Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger</h3>
<ul><li>Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day. 
</li><li>Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people. 
</li><li>Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_achieve-universal-gid-variables-school-enrolmentprimary-education">Achieve universal [Pagelink infos="Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base Variables: School Enrolment|primary education"]</h3>
<ul><li>Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education/primary schooling. 
</li><li>See [Pagelink infos="Net Intake Rate"] and [Pagelink infos="Net Enrolment Ratio (NER)"].
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_promote-gender-equality-and-empower-women">Promote gender equality and empower women</h3>
<ul><li>Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015. 
</li><li>Indicators for goal 3:<br />3.1 - [Pagelink infos="Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base Variables: School Enrolment|Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education"] (UNESCO)<br />3.2 - Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old (UNESCO)<br />3.3 -[Pagelink infos="Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector|Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector"] (ILO)<br />3.4 - [Pagelink infos="Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base Variables: Political Empowerment|Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament"] 
</li><li><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2010/sep/14/gender-equality-resources" alt="More on MDG3">More on MDG3</a>
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_reduce-child-mortality">Reduce child mortality</h3>
<ul><li>Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the [Pagelink infos="Under-Five Mortality Rate|under-five mortality rate"].
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_improve-maternal-health">Improve maternal health</h3>
<ul><li>Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal death/maternal mortality ratio. 
</li><li>Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health. 
</li><li>Video update by [Pagelink infos="United NationsFPA|United NationsFPA"]&nbsp; on maternal mortality data:
</li></ul>
<p>[embed width="300"]http://www.vimeo.com/14993306[/embed] 
</p>
<h3 id="w_combat-hivaids-malaria-and-other-diseases">Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases</h3>
<ul><li>Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of [Pagelink infos="HIV/AIDS/AIDS|HIV/AIDS/AIDS"]. 
</li><li>Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it. 
</li><li>Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_ensure-environmental-sustainability">Ensure environmental sustainability</h3>
<ul><li>Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources. 
</li><li>Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss. 
</li><li>Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation (for more information see the entry on water supply). 
</li><li>By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dwellers.
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_develop-a-global-partnership-for-development">Develop a global partnership for development</h3>
<ul><li>Develop further an open trading and financial system that is rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory. Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction—nationally and internationally. 
</li><li>Address the special needs of the least developed countries. This includes tariff and quota free access for their exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries; and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous official development assistance for countries committed to poverty reduction. 
</li><li>Address the special needs of landlocked and small island developing States. 
</li><li>Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term. 
</li><li>In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries. 
</li><li>In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
</li></ul>
<h2 id="w_progress-reports">Progress reports</h2>
<p>The UNDP works in many countries and provides progress reports of how far or close countries are to attaining the 8 MDGs. Here is an example of the Progress Chart as provided by the UNDP. 
</p><p>[Image infos="Measuring_MDGs_in_Rwanda.JPG"] 
</p><p>For a listing of all UNDP country websites and information on their concurrent MDG progress, please <a href="http://www.undp.org/countries/" alt="follow this link">follow this link</a>. 
</p>
<h2 id="w_references">References</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/" alt="UN.org, "Millennium Development Goals"">UN.org, "Millennium Development Goals"</a> 
</li></ul>
<h2 id="w_see-also">See Also</h2>
<ul><li>[Pagelink infos="Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Women and African Economic Development"] 
</li><li>[Statistics:School Enrolment] 
</li><li>[Statistics:Education] 
</li><li>[Statistics:Literacy Rates] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Education for All"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Gloria Steinem"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Access to Education"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base Variables: School Enrolment"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base Variables: Political Empowerment"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Maternal Mortality"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="HIV/AIDS/AIDS|AIDS"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Adolescent Birth Rate"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Under-Five Mortality Rate"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Information Guide for Arab Millennium Development Goal Reports|Information Guide for Arab Millenium Development Goal Reports"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Access to Water and Sanitation"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Access to land"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Primary Completion Rates"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Women and African Economic Development"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Net Intake Rate"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Net Enrolment Ratio (NER)"]
</li></ul>
<h2 id="w_external-links">External links</h2>
<h3 id="w_mdg1-eradicate-extreme-poverty-and-hunger">MDG1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger</h3>
<ul><li>FAO: <a href="http://www.fao.org/economic/es-policybriefs/briefs-detail/en/?no_cache=1&uid=45361" alt="Global hunger declining, but still unacceptably high">Global hunger declining, but still unacceptably high</a> 
</li><li>FAO: <a href="http://www.fao.org/hunger/hunger-home/en/" alt="925 million in chronic hunger worldwide">925 million in chronic hunger worldwide</a> 
</li><li>FAO: <a href="http://www.fao.org/index.php?id=20112" alt="video on hunger figures for 2010">video on hunger figures for 2010</a>
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_mdg-3-promote-gender-equality-and-empower-women">MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women</h3>
<ul><li>Online Discussion on <a href="http://mdg.devex.com/mdg3-topic1-promote-gender-equality-and-empower-women/" alt="Finding New Ways to Empower Women">Finding New Ways to Empower Women</a>
</li></ul>
<h3 id="w_mdgs-as-a-whole">MDGs as a whole</h3>
<ul><li><a href="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Products/ProgressReports.htm" alt="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Products/ProgressReports.htm">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Products/ProgressReports.htm</a> Progress report report 2008 launched on 2008-09-11 
</li><li><a href="http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm" alt="http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm">http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm</a> &nbsp;United Nations Millennium Declaration 
</li><li><a href="http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals" alt="http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals">http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals</a> &nbsp;The Millennium Goals (UN Site) 
</li><li><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/millennium_development_goals/html/default.stm" alt="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/millennium_development_goals/html/default.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/millennium_development_goals/html/default.stm</a> &nbsp;BBC Summary 2005 of UN Millennium Goals 
</li><li><a href="http://esl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/" alt="http://esl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/">http://esl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/</a> &nbsp;Millennium Development Goals Indicators: MDG Dashboard (downloadable database, updated 2/2014) 
</li><li><a href="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg" alt="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg</a> &nbsp;UN Stats Division - MDGs 
</li><li><a href="http://www.developmentgoals.org" alt="http://www.developmentgoals.org">http://www.developmentgoals.org</a> &nbsp;- [Pagelink infos="World Bank|World Bank"] 
</li><li><a href="http://www.undp.org/countries/" alt="UNDP Country Program listing">UNDP Country Program listing</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h3 id="w_progress-and-regional-reports-about-gender-equality-and-mdgs">Progress and regional reports about gender equality and MDGs</h3>
<ul><li>UN Millennium Project 2005. <i><b>Taking Action: Achieving Gender Equality and Empowering Women</b></i>. Task Force on Education and Gender Equality.<br />There are many practical steps that can be taken to reduce inequalities based on gender, which hinder the potential to reduce poverty and achieve high levels of well-being in societies around the world. Those detailed in Taking Action include strengthening opportunities, increasing access, investing in infrastructure, guaranteeing rights, eliminating inequality in employment, increasing women's representation in government and reducing violence against girls and women.<br /><a href="http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/reports/tf_gender.htm" alt="http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/reports/tf_gender.htm">http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/reports/tf_gender.htm</a> &nbsp;(EN)&nbsp;
</li></ul>
<ul><li>[Pagelink infos="United Nations Women Watch"]&nbsp;<br /><a href="http://www.un.org/womenwatch/directory/millennium_development_goals_10381.htm" alt="http://www.un.org/womenwatch/directory/millennium_development_goals_10381.htm">http://www.un.org/womenwatch/directory/millennium_development_goals_10381.htm</a> (EN) <br />with links to documents in Arabic | Chinese | English | French | Russian | Spanish&nbsp;
</li></ul>
<ul><li>[Pagelink infos="Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO)|WEDO"]&nbsp;<i><b>Women's Empowerment, Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals</b></i> (2004)<br /><a href="http://www.wedo.org/library.aspx?ResourceID=5" alt="http://www.wedo.org/library.aspx?ResourceID=5">http://www.wedo.org/library.aspx?ResourceID=5</a> &nbsp;(EN)
</li></ul>
<ul><li>ECLAC/CEPAL, <i><b>Millennium Development Goals 2006: a look at Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women in Latin America and the Caribbean</b></i>, 2007 <a href="http://www.eclac.cl/mdg/goal_3_en.html" alt="http://www.eclac.cl/mdg/goal_3_en.html">http://www.eclac.cl/mdg/goal_3_en.html</a> &nbsp;(EN) 
</li><li>ECLAC/CEPAL , <i><b>Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. Informe 2006: una mirada a la igualdad entre los sexos y la autonomía de la mujer en ALC</b></i>, 2007 <a href="http://www.eclac.org/mdg/obj_3_es.html" alt="http://www.eclac.org/mdg/obj_3_es.html">http://www.eclac.org/mdg/obj_3_es.html</a> &nbsp;(ES) 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Information Guide for Arab Millennium Development Goal Reports|Information Guide for Arab Millennium Development Goal Reports"] 2008-09-14 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Progress of the World's Women: 2008/2009|Progress of the Progress of the World's Women 2008/2009"]
</li></ul>
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