Indian Laws relating to Women and Children

Indian Laws relating to Women and Children

<div id="toc"><h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_constitutional-provisions-and-privileges"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Constitutional Provisions and Privileges</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_laws-relating-to-women"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Laws relating to women</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_laws-relating-to-working-women"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Laws relating to working women</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_laws-relating-to-marriage-amp-divorce"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Laws relating to marriage & divorce</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_laws-relating-to-maintenance"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Laws relating to maintenance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_laws-relating-to-abortion"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Laws relating to abortion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_laws-relating-to-property-succession-inheritance-guardianship-amp-adoption"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Laws relating to property, succession, inheritance, guardianship & adoption</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_laws-relating-to-children"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Laws relating to children</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_offences-against-women-and-children-in-the-indian-penal-code"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Offences against women and children in the Indian Penal Code</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_see-also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div><h2 id="w_constitutional-provisions-and-privileges">Constitutional Provisions and Privileges</h2>
<p>(i) Equality before law for women (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/367586/" alt="Article 14">Article 14</a>)
</p><p><br />
(ii) The State not to discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1942013/" alt="Article 15 (i)">Article 15 (i)</a>)
</p><p><br />
(iii) The State to make any special provision in favour of women and children (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1603957/" alt="Article 15 (3)">Article 15 (3)</a>)
</p><p><br />
(iv) Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/211089/" alt="Article 16">Article 16</a>)
</p><p><br />
(v) The State to direct its policy towards securing for men and women equally the right to an adequate means of livelihood (Article 39(a)); and equal pay for equal work for both men and women (<a href="http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/608806/" alt="Article 39(d)">Article 39(d)</a>)
</p><p><br />
(vi) To promote justice, on a basis of equal opportunity and to provide free legal aid by suitable legislation or scheme or in any other way to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities (<a href="http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1331994/" alt="Article 39 a">Article 39 a</a>)
</p><p><br />
(vii) The State to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/111604/" alt="Article 42">Article 42</a>)
</p><p><br />
(viii) The State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people and to protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation (<a href="http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/352126/" alt="Article 46">Article 46</a>)
</p><p><br />
(ix) The State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1551554/" alt="Article 47">Article 47</a>)
</p><p><br />
(x) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1431035/" alt="Article 51(A) (e)">Article 51(A) (e)</a>)
</p><p><br />
(xi) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in every Panchayat to be reserved for women and such seats to be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in a Panchayat (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1081110/" alt="Article 243 D(3)">Article 243 D(3)</a>)
</p><p><br />
(xii) Not less than one- third of the total number of offices of Chairpersons in the Panchayats at each level to be reserved for women (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1898596/" alt="Article 243 D (4)">Article 243 D (4)</a>)
</p><p><br />
(ix) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in every Municipality to be reserved for women and such seats to be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in a Municipality (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/735247/" alt="Article 243 T (3)">Article 243 T (3)</a>)
</p><p><br />
(x) Reservation of offices of Chairpersons in Municipalities for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and women in such manner as the legislature of a State may by law provide (<a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/735247/" alt="Article 243 T (4)">Article 243 T (4)</a>)
</p><p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_laws-relating-to-women">Laws relating to women</h2>
<ul><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/commissionofsatiprevention.htm" alt="Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987">Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.498a.org/contents/amendments/Act%2046%20of%201983.pdf" alt="Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1983">Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1983</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-Dowry-Prohibition-Act-1961.htm" alt="Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961">Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/act/itpa1956.htm" alt="Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956">Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/irwp.htm" alt="Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986">Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/ncwact.pdf" alt="National Commission for Women Act, 1990">National Commission for Women Act, 1990</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://ncw.nic.in/PDFFiles/sexualharassmentatworkplacebill2005_Revised.pdf" alt="Prohibition of Sexual Harassment of Women at the Workplace Bill, 2010">Prohibition of Sexual Harassment of Women at the Workplace Bill, 2010</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/domestic-violence/domestic-violence-act-2005.htm" alt="Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005">Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_laws-relating-to-working-women">Laws relating to working women</h2>
<ul><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/contractlabouract/contractlabouract.htm" alt="Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1976">Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1976</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://esic.nic.in/act.htm" alt="Employees State Insurance Act, 1948">Employees State Insurance Act, 1948</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://pblabour.gov.in/pdf/acts_rules/equal_remuneration_act_1976.pdf" alt="Equal Remuneration Act, 1976">Equal Remuneration Act, 1976</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://pblabour.gov.in/pdf/acts_rules/factories_act_1948.pdf" alt="Factories (Amendment) Act, 1948">Factories (Amendment) Act, 1948</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://pblabour.gov.in/pdf/acts_rules/maternity_benefit_act_1961.pdf" alt="Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Amended in 1995)">Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Amended in 1995)</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://teaboard.gov.in/pdf/policy/Plantations%20Labour%20Act_amended.pdf" alt="Plantation Labour Act, 1951">Plantation Labour Act, 1951</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_laws-relating-to-marriage-amp-divorce">Laws relating to marriage & divorce</h2>
<ul><li> <a href="http://indiacode.nic.in/rspaging.asp?tfnm=190907" alt="Anand Marriage Act, 1909">Anand Marriage Act, 1909</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/Arya-Marriage-Validation-Act-1937.htm" alt="Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937">Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/THE%20BIRTHS,%20DEATHS%20AND%20MARRIAGES%20REGISTRATION%20ACT,%201886" alt="Births, Deaths & Marriages Registration Act, 1886">Births, Deaths & Marriages Registration Act, 1886</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1479956/" alt="Bangalore Marriages Validating Act, 1936">Bangalore Marriages Validating Act, 1936</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/THE%20CONVERTS%20MARRIAGE%20DISSOLUTION%20ACT,%201866" alt="Converts’ Marriage Dissolution Act, 1866">Converts’ Marriage Dissolution Act, 1866</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/saarclaw/pakistan/dissolution_of_muslim_marriages_act.htm" alt="Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939">Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/THE%20FAMILY%20COURTS%20ACT,%201984" alt="Family Courts Act, 1984">Family Courts Act, 1984</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/foreignmarriageact/foreignmarriageact.htm" alt="Foreign Marriage Act, 1969">Foreign Marriage Act, 1969</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/hindumarriageact/hindumarriageact.htm" alt="Hindu Marriage Act, 1955">Hindu Marriage Act, 1955</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1889984/" alt="Hindu Marriages (Validation of Proceedings) Act, 1960">Hindu Marriages (Validation of Proceedings) Act, 1960</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_christian_marriage_act_1872.pdf" alt="Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872">Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indiandivorceact/indiandivorceact.htm" alt="Indian Divorce Act, 1869">Indian Divorce Act, 1869</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_divorce_amendment_act_2001.pdf" alt="Indian Divorce Amendment Bill, 2001">Indian Divorce Amendment Bill, 2001</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/Matrimonial-Causes-War-Marriages-Act-1948.htm" alt="Indian Matrimonial Causes (War Marriages) Act, 1948">Indian Matrimonial Causes (War Marriages) Act, 1948</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/marriage_laws_amendment_act_2001.pdf" alt="Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001">Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/758067/" alt="Marriages Validation Act, 1892">Marriages Validation Act, 1892</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.gujhealth.gov.in/images/pdf/legis/muslim-women-protectn-of-rts-on-divorce-act-1986.pdf" alt="Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986">Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.aalilegal.org/image/rtc/THE%20PARSI%20MARRIAGE%20AND%20DIVORCE%20ACT%5B1%5D.pdf" alt="Parsi Marriage & Divorce Act, 1936">Parsi Marriage & Divorce Act, 1936</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/cma2006.pdf" alt="Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006">Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/specialmarriageact/specialmarriageact.htm" alt="Special Marriages Act, 1954">Special Marriages Act, 1954</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_laws-relating-to-maintenance">Laws relating to maintenance</h2>
<p>The <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/445276/" alt="Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973">Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973</a>:
</p>
<ul><li> <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1056396/" alt="Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents under section 125">Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents under section 125</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1192459/" alt="Procedure to be followed under section 125">Procedure to be followed under section 125</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/778934/" alt="Alteration in allowance under section 125">Alteration in allowance under section 125</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1195638/" alt="Enforcement of the order of maintenance">Enforcement of the order of maintenance</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_laws-relating-to-abortion">Laws relating to abortion</h2>
<ul><li> <a href="http://bhind.nic.in/Sparsh_MTP-Act-1971.pdf" alt="Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971">Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://mahilaayog.maharashtra.gov.in/new/pdf/pndt-%20act.pdf" alt="Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994">Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.womenstudies.in/elib/legal_resources/lr_the_prenatal.pdf" alt="Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2001">Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2001</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.medindia.net/indian_health_act/pre-natal-diagnostic-techniques-amendment-act-2002-definitions.htm" alt="Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2002">Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2002</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_laws-relating-to-property-succession-inheritance-guardianship-amp-adoption">Laws relating to property, succession, inheritance, guardianship & adoption</h2>
<ul><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/gawaact.htm" alt="Guardians & Wards Act, 1890">Guardians & Wards Act, 1890</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/hadoptact(1).htm" alt="Hindu Adoptions & Maintenance Act, 1956">Hindu Adoptions & Maintenance Act, 1956</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://sdobishnupur.gov.in/Acts%20and%20Rules/Dictionery/0808.pdf" alt="Hindu Inheritance (Removal of Disabilities) Act, 1928">Hindu Inheritance (Removal of Disabilities) Act, 1928</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/hminoract(1).htm" alt="Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956">Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.gujhealth.gov.in/images/pdf/legis/hindu-succession-act-1956.pdf" alt="Hindu Succession Act, 1956">Hindu Succession Act, 1956</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.hrln.org/admin/issue/subpdf/HSA_Amendment_2005.pdf" alt="Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005">Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_succession_act_1925.pdf" alt="Indian Succession Act, 1925">Indian Succession Act, 1925</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/indian_succession_amendment_act_2002.pdf" alt="Indian Succession (Amendment) Act, 2002">Indian Succession (Amendment) Act, 2002</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.womenstudies.in/elib/legal_resources/lr_the_married_women.pdf" alt="Married Women’s Property Act, 1874">Married Women’s Property Act, 1874</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Laws/The-Married-Womens-Property-Extension-Act-1959.htm" alt="Married Women’s Property (Extension) Act, 1959">Married Women’s Property (Extension) Act, 1959</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_laws-relating-to-children">Laws relating to children</h2>
<ul><li> <a href="http://pblabour.gov.in/Pdfs/Child%20Labour%20_Prohibition%20_%20Regulation_%20Act,%201986.pdf" alt="Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986">Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/cmr1929.htm" alt="Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929">Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/childrenact1960.htm" alt="Children Act, 1960">Children Act, 1960</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/children_pledging_of_labour_act_1933.pdf" alt="Children (Pledging of Labour) Act, 1933">Children (Pledging of Labour) Act, 1933</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.ncpcr.gov.in/ncpcr_act_rules.htm" alt="Commissions for the Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005">Commissions for the Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/cw/GOI1.pdf" alt="Infant Milk Substitutes Act, 1992">Infant Milk Substitutes Act, 1992</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/cw/GOI2.pdf" alt="Infant Milk Substitutes Act, 2003">Infant Milk Substitutes Act, 2003</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/THE%20INFANT%20MILK%20SUBSTITUTES,%20FEEDING%20BOTTLES%20AND%20INFANT%20FOODS%20(REGULATION%20OF%20PRODUCTION,%20SUPPLY%20AND%20DISTRIBUTION)%20ACT,%201992" alt="Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles & Infant Foods (Regulation of Production, Supply & Distribution) Act, 1992">Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles & Infant Foods (Regulation of Production, Supply & Distribution) Act, 1992</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.gujhealth.gov.in/images/pdf/legis/infant-milk-substitutes2003.pdf" alt="Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles & Infant Foods (Regulation of Production, Supply & Distribution) Amendment Act, 2003">Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles & Infant Foods (Regulation of Production, Supply & Distribution) Amendment Act, 2003</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/childprot/jjact2000.pdf" alt="Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2000">Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2000</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/juvenile_justice_amendment_act_2006.pdf" alt="Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006">Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://wcd.nic.in/cma2006.pdf" alt="Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006">Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://vlex.in/vid/the-reformatory-schools-act-29628657" alt="Reformatory Schools Act, 1897">Reformatory Schools Act, 1897</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/Young_Persons_Harmful%20Publication_%20Act1956.pdf" alt="Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act, 1956">Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act, 1956</a>
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_offences-against-women-and-children-in-the-indian-penal-code">Offences against women and children in the Indian Penal Code</h2>
<p>The <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/indianpenalcode.htm" alt="Indian Penal Code, 1860">Indian Penal Code, 1860</a>
</p>
<ul><li> Abandoning of child under 12 years of age
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S497.htm" alt="Adultery">Adultery</a>
</li><li> Assault or criminal force to a woman with intent to outrage her modesty
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S373.htm" alt="Buying minor for purpose of prostitution">Buying minor for purpose of prostitution</a>
</li><li> Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide
</li><li> Causing miscarriage or miscarriage without the woman’s consent
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S493.htm" alt="Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage">Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage</a>
</li><li> Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body
</li><li> Concealment of former marriage
</li><li> Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage
</li><li> Dowry death
</li><li> Enticing, detaining or taking away with criminal intent a married woman
</li><li> Fraudulent marriage ceremony without lawful marriage
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S498A.htm" alt="Husband or relative of a husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty">Husband or relative of a husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty</a>
</li><li> Importation of girl from foreign country
</li><li> Intercourse by man with his wife during separation
</li><li> Intercourse by a member of management or staff of a hospital with any woman in that hospital
</li><li> Intercourse by public servant with a woman in his custody
</li><li> Intercourse by superintendent of jail, remand home, etc
</li><li> Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S496.htm" alt="Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage">Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S494.htm" alt="Marrying again during lifetime of spouse">Marrying again during lifetime of spouse</a> (<a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S495.htm" alt="Also see here">Also see here</a>)
</li><li> Preventing a child from being born alive or causing its death after birth
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S366A.htm" alt="Procreation of minor girl">Procreation of minor girl</a>
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S375.htm" alt="Rape">Rape</a> (<a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S376.htm" alt="Also see here">Also see here</a>)
</li><li> Selling minor for purpose of prostitution
</li><li> <a href="http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/indianpenalcode/S509.htm" alt="Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman">Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman</a>
</li></ul>
<h2 id="w_see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li> "Gender </li><li> "Women </li><li> "Women </li></ul>
<p><br />

</p>