Wikigender > Wikis > Feminism

Feminism

Etc.

<p>Feminism comprises of a number of social, cultural and political movements, theories and moral philosophies concerned with gender inequalities and equal rights for women. 
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<div id="toc"><h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_history"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_impact-and-focus"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Impact and Focus</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_see-also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See Also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#w_external-links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External Links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div><h2 id="w_history">History</h2>
<p>According to some researchers, the history of feminism can be divided into three distinct waves. The first wave was in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the second wave flourished in the 1960s and 1970s and the third extends from the 1990s to the present. [Pagelink infos="Feminist International Relations Theory|Feminist Theory"] developed from the feminist movement. It takes a number of forms in a variety of disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history and feminist literary criticism. 
</p><p>Throughout much of its history, most of the leaders of feminist social and political movements, as well as many feminist theorists, have been predominantly middle-class white women from western Europe and North America. However, at least since Sojourner Truth's 1851 speech to US Feminists, women of other races have proposed alternative feminisms. This trend accelerated in the 1960s with the Civil Rights movement in the [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in the Gender Equality in the Gender Equality in the United States of America of America of America|Gender Equality in the United States of America of America"] and the collapse of European colonialism in [Pagelink infos="Women and African Economic Development|Women and African Economic Development"], the Caribbean, parts of Latin America and Southeast Asia. Since that time, women in former European colonies and the Third World have proposed alternative "post-colonial" and "Third World" feminisms as well. Some Postcolonial feminists, such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty, are critical of Western feminism for being ethnocentric. Black feminists, such as Angela Davis and Alice Walker hold a similar opinion. 
</p>
<h2 id="w_impact-and-focus">Impact and Focus</h2>
<p>Feminism has altered aspects of Western society, ranging from culture to law. Feminist political activists have been concerned with issues such as women's rights of contract and property, women's rights to bodily integrity and autonomy (especially on matters such as [Pagelink infos="Reproductive Rights|reproductive rights"], including the right to [Pagelink infos="Abortion|abortion"], access to [Pagelink infos="Contraception|contraception"] and quality prenatal care); for protection from [Pagelink infos="Domestic violence|domestic violence"]; against sexual harassment and [Pagelink infos="Rape|rape"]; for workplace rights, including maternity leave and equal pay; and against other forms of discrimination. 
</p><p>Since the 1980s, feminists have argued that the feminist movement should address global issues (such as rape, incest, and [Pagelink infos="Prostitution|prostitution"]) and culturally specific issues (such as [Pagelink infos="Female genital cutting|female genital mutilation"] in some parts of Africa and the [Pagelink infos="Women in the Middle East and North Women and African Economic Development (MENA)|Middle East"] and glass ceiling practices that impede women's advancement in developed economies) in order to understand how gender inequality interacts with racism, homophobia, lesbophobia, colonialism, and classism in a "matrix of domination." Other feminists have argued that gendered and sexed identities, such as "man" and "woman", are social constructs meaning that some gender roles are socially conditioned rather than being innate.
</p>
<h2 id="w_see-also">See Also</h2>
<ul><li>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality|Gender Equality"] 
</li><li>[Pagelink infos="Revolutionary Association of the Women in Gender Equality in Afghanistan|Revolutionay Association of the Women in Gender Equality in Afghanistan"]
</li></ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<h2 id="w_external-links">External Links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.alf.org" alt="Association for Libertarian Feminists">Association for Libertarian Feminists</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www-scf.usc.edu/~saddawik/Famous/famous.html" alt="Famous Feminists">Famous Feminists</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.awpsych.org/" alt="Association for Women in Psychology">Association for Women in Psychology</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.cawinfo.org/" alt="Committee for Asian Women">Committee for Asian Women</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://now.org" alt="NOW">NOW</a> - National Organization for Women in the United States. 
</li><li><a href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0405/24/i_ins.00.html" alt="Muslim Women Rebel In France">Muslim Women Rebel In France</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.ffeusa.org" alt="Feminists for Free Expression">Feminists for Free Expression</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/index.html" alt="The Feminist eZine">The Feminist eZine</a> - 1001 Feminist Links. 
</li><li><a href="http://www.womensforumaustralia.org/" alt="Women's Forum Australia">Women's Forum Australia</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.radicalwomen.org/" alt="Radical Women">Radical Women</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.rawa.org/" alt="Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA)">Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA)</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.owl-national.org/" alt="Older Women's League - The Voice of Midlife and Older Women (OWL)">Older Women's League - The Voice of Midlife and Older Women (OWL)</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.roks.se/" alt="ROKS - Swedish women's organization">ROKS - Swedish women's organization</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.fnsa.org/" alt="Feminism & Nonviolence Studies">Feminism & Nonviolence Studies</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.susanbrownmiller.com" alt="Susan Brownmiller.com: Where Feminism Lives">Susan Brownmiller.com: Where Feminism Lives</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.mediaradar.org/" alt="RADAR">RADAR</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_101_150/religious_conservatism.htm" alt="Riffat Hasan on <i>Religious conservatism: Feminist theology as a means of combating injustice towards women in Muslim communities/culture</i>">Riffat Hasan on <i>Religious conservatism: Feminist theology as a means of combating injustice towards women in Muslim communities/culture</i></a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.jwa.org/feminism" alt="Jewish Women and the Feminist Revolution">Jewish Women and the Feminist Revolution</a> from the Jewish Women's Archive 
</li><li><a href="http://www.liberalislam.net/women.html" alt="Islam from Patriarch">Islam from Patriarch</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.feministmormonhousewives.org" alt="Feminist Mormon Housewives">Feminist Mormon Housewives</a> a cooperative blog 
</li><li><a href="http://www.feministhousewives.com" alt="Feminist Housewives">Feminist Housewives</a> a resource and community site 
</li><li><a href="http://ebf.stanford.edu/index2.html#books" alt="<i>The Essential Feminist Reader</i>"><i>The Essential Feminist Reader</i></a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.randomhouse.com/acmart/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780812974607" alt="<i>The Essential Feminist Reader</i> from Random House"><i>The Essential Feminist Reader</i> from Random House</a> 
</li><li><a href="http://www.thirdwavefoundation.org/" alt="Third Wave Foundation">Third Wave Foundation</a>
</li></ul>
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