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<p>This is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state of their respective countries. This list does not include monarchs. Names in <i>italics</i> refer to temporary presidencies. The list is organised chronologically (mandate start date). </p> <table class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders"> <tr> <th> Name </th><th> Country </th><th width="210"> Name of post </th><th> Mandate start </th><th> Mandate end </th></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Khertek Anchimaa-Toka|<b>Khertek Anchimaa-Toka</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in the Russian Federation|Tuva"] </td><td> Chairman of the Presidium of the Little Khural </td><td> 1940 </td><td> 1944-10-11 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Mongolia|Gender Equality in Mongolia"] </td><td> Acting Chairman of the Presidium </td><td> 1953-09-23 </td><td> 1954-07-07 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Soong Ching-ling|<b>Soong Ching-ling</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in China|People's Republic of Gender Equality in China"] </td><td> Chairman of the People's Republic of China </td><td> 1968-10-31 </td><td> 1972-04-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Isabel Martínez de Perón|<b>Isabel Martínez de Perón</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Argentina|Gender Equality in Argentina"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1974-07-01 </td><td> 1976-03-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Lidia Gueiler Tejada</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Bolivia|Gender Equality in Bolivia"] </td><td> Interim President </td><td> 1979-11-16 </td><td> 1980-07-17 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Vigdís Finnbogadóttir|<b>Vigdís Finnbogadóttir</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Iceland|Gender Equality in Iceland"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1980-08-01 </td><td> 1996-08-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Soong Ching-ling|<b>Soong Ching-ling</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in China|People's Republic of Gender Equality in China"] </td><td> President of the People's Republic of China </td><td> 1981-05-16 </td><td> 1981-05-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 1981-04-01 </td><td> 1981-10-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Agatha Barbara|<b>Agatha Barbara</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Malta|Gender Equality in Malta"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1982-02-15 </td><td> 1987-02-15 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Gloriana Ranocchini</b> <i>(1st term)</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 1984-04-01 </td><td> 1984-10-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Carmen Pereira</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Gender Equality in Guinea-Bissau|Gender Equality in Gender Equality in Guinea-Bissau"] </td><td> Acting President </td><td> 1984-05-14 </td><td> 1984-05-16 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Elisabeth Kopp|<b>Elisabeth Kopp</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Switzerland|Gender Equality in Switzerland"] </td><td> Member of the Federal Council and Vice President </td><td> 1984-10-20 </td><td> 1989-01-12 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Corazon Aquino|<b>Corazon Aquino</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in the Gender Equality in the Philippines|Gender Equality in the Philippines"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1986-02-25 </td><td> 1992-06-30 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Gloriana Ranocchini</b> <i>(2nd term)</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 1989-10-01 </td><td> 1990-04-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Ertha Pascal-Trouillot</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Haiti|Gender Equality in Haiti"] </td><td> Interim President </td><td> 1990-03-13 </td><td> 1991-02-07 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Sabine Bergmann-Pohl</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Germany|East Gender Equality in Germany"] </td><td> President of the Volkskammer </td><td> 1990-04-05 </td><td> 1990-10-02 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Violeta Chamorro|<b>Violeta Chamorro</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Nicaragua|Gender Equality in Nicaragua"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1990-04-25 </td><td> 1997-01-10 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Mary Robinson|<b>Mary Robinson</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Ireland|Gender Equality in Ireland"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1990-12-03 </td><td> 1997-09-12 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Edda Ceccoli</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 1991-10-01 </td><td> 1992-04-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>[Pagelink infos="Ruth Dreifuss|<b>Ruth Dreifuss</b>"] </p> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Switzerland|Gender Equality in Switzerland"] </td><td> Member of the Federal Council and President of the Swiss Confederation </td><td> 1993-04-01 </td><td> 2002-12-31 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Patricia Busignani</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 1993-04-01 </td><td> 1993-10-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Sylvie Kinigi</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Burundi|Gender Equality in Burundi"] </td><td> Acting President </td><td> 1993-10-27 </td><td> 1994-02-05 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Chandrika Kumaratunga</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Sri Lanka|Gender Equality in Sri Lanka"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1994-11-12 </td><td> 2005-11-19 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Ruth Perry</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Liberia|Gender Equality in Liberia"] </td><td> Chairman of the Council of State </td><td> 1996-09-03 </td><td> 1997-08-02 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Rosalía Arteaga Serrano</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Ecuador|Gender Equality in Ecuador"] </td><td> Caretaker President </td><td> 1997-02-09 </td><td> 1997-02-11 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Mary McAleese|<b>Mary McAleese</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Ireland|Gender Equality in Ireland"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1997-11-11 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Janet Jagan</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Guyana|Guyana"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1997-12-19 </td><td> 1999-08-11 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Ruth Metzler|<b>Ruth Metzler</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Switzerland|Gender Equality in Switzerland"] </td><td> Member of the Federal Council and Vice President </td><td> 1999-03-11 </td><td> 2003-12-10 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Rosa Zafferani</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 1999-04-01 </td><td> 1999-10-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Vaira Vike-Freiberga|<b>Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Latvia|Gender Equality in Latvia"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1999-07-08 </td><td> 2007-07-07 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Mireya Moscoso|<b>Mireya Moscoso</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Panama|Gender Equality in Panama"] </td><td> President </td><td> 1999-09-01 </td><td> 2004-09-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Helen Clark|<b>Helen Clark</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in New Zealand|Gender Equality in New Zealand"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 1999-11-27 </td><td> 2008-11-08 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Tarja Halonen|<b>Tarja Halonen</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Finland|Gender Equality in Finland"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2000-03-01 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Maria Domenica Michelotti</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 2000-04-01 </td><td> 2000-10-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo|<b>Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in the Philippines|Gender Equality in the Philippines"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2001-01-20 </td><td> 2010-06-30 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Mame Madior Boye</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Senegal|Gender Equality in Senegal"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2001-03-03 </td><td> 2002-11-4 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Megawati Setiawati Soekarnoputri|<b>Megawati Sukarnoputri</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Indonesia|Gender Equality in Indonesia"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2001-07-23 </td><td> 2004-10-20 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Nataša Mićić</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia and Montenegro"] </td><td> Acting President </td><td> 2002-12-30 </td><td> 2004-02-04 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Micheline Calmy-Rey|<b>Micheline Calmy-Rey</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Switzerland|Gender Equality in Switzerland"] </td><td> Member of the Federal Council and President of the Swiss Confederation </td><td> 2003-01-01 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Beatriz Merino Lucero</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Peru|Gender Equality in Peru"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2003-06-23 </td><td> 2003-12-12 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Valeria Ciavatta</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 2003-10-01 </td><td> 2004-04-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Nino Burjanadze</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Georgia|Gender Equality in Georgia"] </td><td> Acting President </td><td> 2003-11-23 </td><td> 2004-01-25 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Luísa Dias Diogo</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Mozambique|Gender Equality in Mozambique"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2004 </td><td> 2010-01-16 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Yulia Tymoshenko|<b>Yulia Tymoshenko</b>"] <i>(1st term)</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Ukraine|Gender Equality in Ukraine"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2005-01-24 </td><td> 2005-09-08 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Fausta Morganti</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> Captain Regent </td><td> 2005-04-01 </td><td> 2005-10-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p>[Pagelink infos="Angela Merkel|<b>Angela Merkel</b>"] </p> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Germany|Gender Equality in Germany"] </td><td> Chancellor </td><td> 2005-11-22 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf|<b>Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Liberia|Gender Equality in Liberia"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2006-01-16 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Michelle Bachelet|<b>Michelle Bachelet</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Chile|Gender Equality in Chile"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2006-03-11 </td><td> 2010-03-11 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Portia Simpson-Miller|<b>Portia Simpson-Miller</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Jamaica|Gender Equality in Jamaica"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2006-03-30 </td><td> 2007-09-11 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Han Myeong-Sook|<b>Han Myeong-Sook</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in South Korea|Gender Equality in South Korea"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2006-04-20 </td><td> 2007-03-07 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Doris Leuthard|<b>Doris Leuthard</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Switzerland|Gender Equality in Switzerland"] </td><td> Member of the Federal Council </td><td> 2006 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Dalia Itzi</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Israel|Gender Equality in Israel"] </td><td> Acting President </td><td> 2007-01-25 </td><td> 2007-07-15 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Pratibha Patil</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in India|Gender Equality in India"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2007-07-25 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> <i>Nino Burjanadze</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Georgia|Gender Equality in Georgia"] </td><td> Acting President </td><td> 2007-11-25 </td><td> 2008-01-20 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Cristina Fernández de Kirchner"]</b> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Argentina|Gender Equality in Argentina"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2007-12-10 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Yulia Tymoshenko|<b>Yulia Tymoshenko</b>"] <i>(2nd term)</i> </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Ukraine|Gender Equality in Ukraine"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2007-12-18 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf|<b>Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Switzerland|Gender Equality in Switzerland"] </td><td> Member of the Federal Council </td><td> 2008-01-01 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Johanna Sigurdardottir|<b>Jóhanna Sigurdardóttir</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Iceland|Gender Equality in Iceland"] </td><td> Prime Minister </td><td> 2009-02-01 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Dalia Grybauskaite|<b>Dalia Grybauskaite</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Lithuania"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2009-07-12 </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Laura Chinchilla Miranda|<b>Laura Chinchilla Miranda</b>"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Costa Rica"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2010-02-07 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva|Roza Isakovna Otunbayeva"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Kyrgyzstan|Gender Equality in Kyrgyzstan"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2010-03-07 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Dilma Rousseff|Dilma Rousseff"] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Brazil|Gender Equality in Brazil"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2010-10-31 </td><td> present </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Atifete Jahjaga</b>] </td><td> [Pagelink infos="Kosovo|<b>Kosova</b>"] </td><td> President </td><td> 2011-04-06 </td><td> present} </td></tr></table> <table class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders"> <tr> <th> Country </th><th> Number </th><th> [Pagelink infos="Women's Political Empowerment|Women's Suffrage"] </th><th> Heads of state since suffrage </th><th> Proportion </th></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="San Marino|San Marino"] </td><td> 9 </td><td> 1959 </td><td> 194 </td><td> 5% </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Switzerland|Gender Equality in Switzerland"]</b> </td><td> 5 (2 Presidents) </td><td> 1971 </td><td> 27 </td><td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Ireland|Gender Equality in Ireland"]</b> </td><td> 2 </td><td> 1918 </td><td> 8 </td><td> 25% </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Liberia|Gender Equality in Liberia"]</b> </td><td> 2 </td><td> 1946 </td><td> 12 </td><td> 17% </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in the Gender Equality in the Philippines|Gender Equality in the Philippines"]</b> </td><td> 2 </td><td> 1937 </td><td> 13 </td><td> 15% </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Argentina|Gender Equality in Argentina"]</b> </td><td> 2 </td><td> 1947 </td><td> 18 </td><td> 11% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Bolivia|Gender Equality in Bolivia"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1952 </td><td> 23 </td><td> 4% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Burundi|Gender Equality in Burundi"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1961 </td><td> 13 </td><td> 8% </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Chile|Gender Equality in Chile"]</b> </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1931 </td><td> 14 </td><td> 7% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Ecuador|Gender Equality in Ecuador"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1967 </td><td> 16 </td><td> 6% </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Finland|Gender Equality in Finland"]</b> </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1906 </td><td> 11 </td><td> 9% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Georgia|Gender Equality in Georgia"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1919 </td><td> 4 </td><td> 25% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Germany|East Gender Equality in Germany"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1918 </td><td> 8 </td><td> 13% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Gender Equality in Guinea-Bissau|Gender Equality in Gender Equality in Guinea-Bissau"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1977 </td><td> 9 </td><td> 11% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Guyana|Guyana"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1953 </td><td> 8 </td><td> 13% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Haiti|Gender Equality in Haiti"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1950 </td><td> 21 </td><td> 5% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Iceland|Gender Equality in Iceland"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1915 </td><td> 5 </td><td> 20% </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>[Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in India|Gender Equality in India"]</b> </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1935 </td><td> 14 </td><td> 7% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Indonesia|Gender Equality in Indonesia"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1945 </td><td> 6 </td><td> 17% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Israel|Gender Equality in Israel"] </td><td> 2 </td><td> 1948 </td><td> 13 </td><td> 15% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Latvia|Gender Equality in Latvia"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1918 </td><td> 6 </td><td> 17% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Malta|Gender Equality in Malta"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1947 </td><td> 9 </td><td> 11% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Mongolia|Gender Equality in Mongolia"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1924 </td><td> 18 </td><td> 6% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Nicaragua|Gender Equality in Nicaragua"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1955 </td><td> 11 </td><td> 9% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Panama|Gender Equality in Panama"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1941 </td><td> 27 </td><td> 4% </td></tr> <tr> <td> [Pagelink infos="Gender Equality in Sri Lanka|Gender Equality in Sri Lanka"] </td><td> 1 </td><td> 1931 </td><td> 6 </td><td> 17% </td></tr></table> <h2 id="w_see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li>[Pagelink infos="Council of Women World Leaders|Council of Women World Leaders"] </li></ul> <h2 id="w_external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.capwip.org/participation/womenheadofstate.html" alt="Women Heads of State">Women Heads of State</a> </li><li><a href="http://www.womenworldleaders.org/" alt="Council of Women World Leaders">Council of Women World Leaders</a> </li><li><a href="http://guide2womenleaders.com/Presidents.htm" alt="Female Presidents">Female Presidents</a> </li></ul> <p> </p><p> </p>
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