M. Mirzakhani was born on May 12 in 1977 in Theran, earned a PhD from Harvard University in 2004 and later became a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. In 2014, Mirzakhani was the first women and first Iranian to receive the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.

To celebrate the Day in 2020, online events including workshops, movie projections and conferences are organized around the world. An overview of events is provided by May 12 – Celebrating Women in Mathematics.

Early Life and Education

Christiane Nüsslein was born on October 20, 1942, in Magdeburg, Germany. She studied biochemistry at the University of Tübingen, graduating in 1969. For her diploma thesis, she along with fellow student Bertold Heyden, developed a new method for large scale purification of very clean RNA polymerase. She turned her attention to fruit flies, drosofila melanogaster, for her post-doctoral research, partly conducted at the University of Basel in Switzerland. Her post-doctoral research, the basis for her later work, focused on the gene mutations in the fruit fly.

Nobel Prize Work on fruit flies

The experiment that earned Nüsslein-Volhard and her collaborators the Nobel prize aimed to identify genes involved in the development of fruit fly embryos. The genes involved in embryonic development were identified by generating random mutations in fruit flies and breeding them. Whenever the development was impaired, changed or absent, the experimenters identified exactly which gene(s) had been affected by the mutation, thereby building up a set of genes crucial for Drosophila development. The subsequent study of these mutants and their interactions led to important new insights into early Drosophila development, especially the mechanisms that underlie the step-wise development of body segments.

These experiments have a significance for organisms other than fruit flies.These findings have also led to important realizations about evolution.Additionally, they greatly increased our understanding of the regulation of transcription, as well as cell fate during development.

Nüsslein-Volhard is associated with the discovery of the toll gene, which led to the identification of toll-like receptors.

Since 1985 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been Director of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen and also leads its Genetics Department.

Resources

• Wikipedia article
• http://www.wikigender.org/wiki/association-femmes-en-communication/

  Table of Contents

  • 1 Présentation de l’association:
    • 1.1 Objectifs
  • 2 Activités réalisées:
    • 2.1 Projet Sensibilisation aux droits des Femmes par les Média et L’Art
    • 2.2 Projet MEDIA*NES En partenariat avec l’Institut Panos Paris et avec le soutien financier de l’union européenne, l’Ambassade du Canada et l’Ambassade de France
    • 2.3 Production de dossiers et d’études:
    • 2.4 Projet en cours:
    • 2.5 Info en plus:

  Présentation de l’association:

  L’association Femmes en Communication (FEC) a été créée en mars 1995. Elle a été agrée par le ministère de l’Intérieur sous le numéro trente en mai de la même année en tant qu’association nationale avec quatre bureaux régionaux et un bureau exécutif au siège d’Alger.

  • Informer et sensibiliser sur la condition et le statut des femmes en appui à la revendication égalitaire.
  • Rendre visible les activités et les compétences féminines pour faire réagir à la marginalisation sociale et politique de la femme et à sa faible représentation dans les sphères de décision.
  • Promouvoir l’expression féminine sous toutes ses formes, organiser des actions de lobbying pour l’exercice de la pleine citoyenneté des femmes.
  • Etablir des relais et activer en réseau pour être une force de proposition.

  Objectifs

  FEC vise à susciter le débat sur la condition féminine et l’égalité en renforçant la communication et la diffusion de l’information auprès des élites et des ONG féminines.

  • Contribuer par la production, la circulation d’informations à l’entretien du débat sur les droits des femmes afin de positionner dans la société, la revendication égalitaire, comme fondement incontournable du processus démocratique.
  • Capitaliser et valoriser les éléments du débat pour leur mise en consultation sur tout support médiatique et en particulier internet. Constituer, à partir de la structuration du débat, une force de proposition apte à faire de FEC une interface crédible vis-à-vis des pouvoirs publics des institutions concernées et des médias.

  Activités réalisées:

  L’association se concentre sur la maîtrise des nouvelles technologies de l’information comme support principal de communication à ses activités, dans l’objectif de promouvoir l’expression féminine sous toutes ces formes.

  Projet Sensibilisation aux droits des Femmes par les Média et L’Art

  En partenariat avec le RAFD et l’IMED avec le soutien financier de l’union européen:
  

  • Production de 14 émissions sur la condition féminine. L’Action a consisté en la production de 14 émissions radio sur la condition féminine qui sont autant d’éléments de référence et de repères pour mesurer l’évolution du statut de la femme en Algérie émission destinées a être diffusés sur les chaînes de la radios publique et sur les site de FEC et du réseau MED ESPACE FEMMES.
  • Production d’une pièce de thèatre «Bla zaaf» sur les discriminations envers les femmes:

  La production également mais en sous traitance d’une pièce de théâtre en arabe dialectal sur les discriminations à l’égard de la femmes dans la famille, le milieu, professionnel, la société …. La pièce de théâtre intitulée Bla Zâf «sans colère» a obtenu un franc succès. Il y a eu plusieurs représentations à Alger, la pièce a été aussi jouée à Oran.

  Projet MEDIA*NES En partenariat avec l’Institut Panos Paris et avec le soutien financier de l’union européenne, l’Ambassade du Canada et l’Ambassade de France

  Média*Nes Média et Dialogue en Algérie Nouvelles Expressions des Sociétés Civiles Le projet Média*nes lancé en 2003 vise à promouvoir:

  • Le renforcement de la société civile en Algérie
  • La promotion des droits à l’expression des femmes
  • Le développement d’une information pluraliste de proximité en Algérie Pour cela, FEMMES EN COMMUNICATION (FEC) en partenariat avec l’Institut Panos Paris développe, neuf actions en direction des «groupes cibles» prioritaires que sont les associations de femmes et de jeunes. Ces actions concernent la formation à la problématique de la radiodiffusion en ligne
  • La production d’information
  • L’animation de tables rondes et de sessions de formation
  • Formation aux nouvelles technologies de l’information

  Cette action réalisée a donné des résultats positifs que ce soit sur le plan de l’échange humain ou celui de l’acquisition de connaissances. Pour la majorité des bénéficiaires, cette session a constitué une série «de première»: première sortie du pays, première expérience en radio, première collaboration en groupe inter associatif. Ce stage a permis pour l’ensemble du groupe de démystifier la pratique radio «comme réservée aux professionnels». Les bénéficiaires, et cela a été une révélation pour elles, ont constaté que la pratique de la radio sur les ondes ou sur le Web est accessible et surtout un outil sans pareil de communication et d’information pour le mouvement associatif et un média incontournable pour le pluralisme et la libre circulation des opinions. Cette prise de conscience de la nécessaire appropriation et maîtrise des NITC est d’ailleurs un objectif primordial du projet MEDIA*NES . Elle aussi donnée lieu à l’organisation de d’autres sessions de formation dans le domaine de la communication. – Table rondes bimensuelles Le projet MEDIA*NES à travers le cycle table ronde s’est engagé avec une rencontre débat sur le thème «Femmes des médias, femmes du mouvements associatif être dans la pluralité des relais actif au service de la cause féminine. Cette table ronde est la première du genre à permettre un débat entre des journalistes et des acteurs de la société civile.

  Production de dossiers et d’études:

  Algérie: Société civile et élection présidentielle

  Algérie: vers une nouvelle loi sur les médias»
  Algérie;: le code de la famille,ou le débat rendu impossible.
  Algérie: l’image des femmes dans les médias»
  

  • Etude sur l’espace radiophonique Algérien
  • Lecture critique sur le code de la famille et ses amendements
  • Enquête sur la relève féminine et le combat égalitaire dans le lieu estudiantin
  • Edition des livres pour des femmes qui n’ont jamais publié (17 livres déjà édités), avec le soutien du ministère de la culture
  • Concours de nouvelles au niveau méditerranéen en collaboration avec une ONG française (Forum Femmes Méditerranée de Marseille) ( 5éme participation).

  Projet en cours:

  • Projet RESART financé par l’Ambassade du Canada: constitution des premiers maillons d’un réseau de femmes artisanes, pour la promotion, la commercialisation de leurs produits et œuvres.
  • Projet caravane: Femmes, Handicapés et Enfants le Développement
  • Projet ISADF: Information et Sensibilisation aux Droits des Femmes Web Radio Voix de Femmes

  Info en plus:
  

  Adresse:
  1 rue Bachir Attar Alger – Place du 1er mai (BP 323)
  
  Tel/ fax: 021 66 36 35
  
  Mail: fec95@hotmail.com
  

  ]]> https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/association-femmes-en-communication/feed/ 0 https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/bridging-the-technology-divide-for-the-advancement-of-girls-and-women-in-africa/ https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/bridging-the-technology-divide-for-the-advancement-of-girls-and-women-in-africa/#respond Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wikigender.org/wiki/bridging-the-technology-divide-for-the-advancement-of-girls-and-women-in-africa/

  Table of Contents

  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Technology, Gender and Development
    • 2.1 Girls’ Education and Access to Technology
  • 3 Asikana Network
  • 4 References
  • 5 External links

  Introduction

  Unprecedented rapid changes in Information Communications Technology (ICT) and social interaction worldwide are creating opportunities for social and economic improvement in people’s lives. This trend is an essential element of development, especially as it relates to the advancement of girls and women.Kuriyan, R, Innovation and Social Change for Girls and Women: Bridging the Gender and Technology Divide (2012, p4). http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/bridging-gender-and-technology-divide-paper.pdf (accessed 17 September 2012) However, there are global disparities in the distribution of and access to technology, leading to the perpetuation of unequal development outcomes. The disparity is most evident in Africa where in 2010 only 9.6 out of every one hundred people used the Internet versus 21 percent across the rest of the developing world.International Telecommunication Union, The World in 2010 (2010, p4). http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/material/FactsFigures2010.pdf (accessed 17 September 2012) Therefore, it is particularly important to examine the gendered technology divide as interplay between entrenched social norms and behaviours and ICT access, rather than as a cause and effect relationship.

  Technology, Gender and Development

  Preconditions for harnessing the benefits that come with technology include literacy and/or education, access to technological devices, time and financial resources, as well as dependable and sustainable infrastructure.Gillwald A., Milek A, and Stork, C., Towards Evidence-based ICT and Policy Regulation: Gender Assessment of ICT Access and Usage in Africa, Volume One 2010 Policy Paper (2010, p4). http://www.ictworks.org/sites/default/files/uploaded_pics/2009/Gender_Paper_Sept_2010.pdf (accessed 16 September 2012) Girls and women in Africa, particularly in rural areas have limited or no education and experience time poverty and other disadvantages due to their social roles as unpaid workers and care-givers. This social stratification of roles results in gendered inequality, which also manifests in girls and women’s limited access to technology: about 25 percent of women in Africa have access to the Internet.Kuriyan, R, Innovation and Social Change for Girls and Women: Bridging the Gender and Technology Divide (2012, p1). http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/bridging-gender-and-technology-divide-paper.pdf (accessed 17 September 2012)

  Girls’ Education and Access to Technology

  Girls’ access to education alone is not enough to bridge the gendered digital divide. As highlighted by the Forum for African Women Educationalist (FAWE), where girls have access to education, there is a noticeable dearth in the numbers who take and or succeed in science, mathematics and technology (SMT).FAWE, online. http://www.fawe.org/activities/interventions/SMT/index.php (accessed 16 September 2012) Contributing factors include cultural and social expectations that discourage girls from pursing masculine subjects and transmission of these same inequality inducing ideas within the education system. Through concerted efforts like FAWE’s SMT Model, the trend is reversing and more African girls and young women are taking SMT subjects, entering professions in ICT and building support networks. One example of network building for women ICT professionals in Zambia is the Asikana Network.

  Asikana Network

  Established in January 2012, Asikana Network is a non-profit organisation which seeks to empower young women by equipping them with ICT skills and supporting them in ICT professions.

  The three co-founders of Asikana Network, Ella Mbewe, Regina Mtonga and Chisenga Muyoya are developers who seek to level the playing field for women. They will achieve this through the Network’s current activities that include organising networking events and elevating the status of women in ICT professions.

  Initially focusing their work in Lusaka, the Network’s target population comprises:

  1. Girls in high school
  2. Young women in tertiary education
  3. Female ICT professionals

  The Network is also broadening its reach beyond Zambia ’s borders by embarking on a project to identify and connect women’s technology organisations and initiatives across Africa. This effort contributes to the bridging of the gendered digital divide in development.

  References

  External links

  • Working to Advance African Women
  • Gender Science and Technology: Perspectives from Africa
  ]]> https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/bridging-the-technology-divide-for-the-advancement-of-girls-and-women-in-africa/feed/ 0 https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/ada-lovelace-the-first-computer-programmer/ https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/ada-lovelace-the-first-computer-programmer/#respond Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wikigender.org/wiki/ada-lovelace-the-first-computer-programmer/ Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (10 December 1815, London – 27 November 1852, Marylebone, London) was the only legitimate child of George Gordon Byron, the famous poet. She is widely known as Ada Lovelace. She is now famously described as the “first programmer”.
  

  Table of Contents

  • 1 Early Life and Education
  • 2 Marriage
  • 3 Death
  • 4 Achievements
  • 5 Influence
    • 5.1 Ada Lovelace Day (24 March 2009)
  • 6 See Also
  • 7 Sources

  Early Life and Education
  

  After her parents separation in 1816, Ada remained with her mother; her father did not attempt to claim his parental rights. Struggling with serious illnesses during her childhood did not impede her from developing her interest in mathematics. Lovelace was privately home schooled in matehmatics and science by William Frend, William King and Mary Somerville.
  

  Marriage
  

  On 8 July 1835 she married William King, 8th Baron King, later 1st Earl of Lovelace in 1838. They had three children; Byron born 12 May 1836, Anne Isabella (called Annabella, later Lady Anne Blunt) born 22 September 1837 and Ralph Gordon born 2 July 1839. Other than Mary Somerville, scientific author of the 19th century, who introduced her in turn to Charles Babbage on 5 June 1833, her circle of friends included Sir David Brewster, Charles Wheatstone, Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday.

  Death
  

  Lovelace died, at the age of 36, on 27 November 1852. This was due to uterine cancer and bloodletting by her physicians.
  

  Achievements
  

  She is mainly known for having written a description of Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine. She is today appreciated as the “first programmer” since she was writing programs—that is, manipulating symbols according to rules—for a machine that Babbage had not yet built. She also foresaw the capability of computers to go beyond mere calculating or number-crunching while others, including Babbage himself, focused only on these capabilities. Over one hundred years after her death, in 1953, Lovelace’s notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine were republished after being forgotten. The engine has now been recognized as an early model for a computer and Lovelace’s notes as a description of a computer and software.
  

  Influence
  

  • The computer language Ada, created by the U.S. Defense Department, was named after Lovelace.
    
  • The reference manual for the language was approved on 10 December 1980, and the Department of Defense Military Standard for the language, “MIL-STD-1815”, was given the number of the year of her birth.
    
  • Since 1998, the British Computer Society has awarded a medal in her name and in 2008 initiated an annual competition for women students of computer science.

  Ada Lovelace Day (24 March 2009)
  

  Ada Lovelace Day is an international day of blogging to draw attention to women excelling in technology. In 2009, over 1000 blogs were collected, highlighting women’s contributions. The organisers encouraged stories about ‘unsung heroines’ “Whatever she does, whether she is a sysadmin or a tech entrepreneur, a programmer or a designer, developing software or hardware, a tech journalist or a tech consultant, we want to celebrate her achievements.”
  

  See Also

  • Female Inventors
  • Women in Science
  • Women in Bio-Technology
  • Female Nobel Prize Laureates

  Sources
  

  • http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=47550446005
    
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace
  ]]> https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/ada-lovelace-the-first-computer-programmer/feed/ 0 https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-in-science-data-tool/ https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-in-science-data-tool/#respond Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-in-science-data-tool/

  Table of Contents

  • 1 Women in Science
  • 2 Explore the Data for Countries Worldwide
  • 3 See also
  • 4 External Links
  • 5 Try the Data Tool!

  Women in Science

  Scientists are tackling the challenges of sustainable development by spurring innovation and economic growth. But is this sector depriving itself of the potential of women? Although there are encouraging signs, women are under-represented in science and technology, whether in basic research or at higher decision-making levels.

  Just 30% of the world’s researchers are women. While a growing number of women are enrolling in university, many opt out at the highest levels required for a research career. But a closer look at the data reveals some surprising exceptions. For example, in Myanmar and Bolivia , women account for 86% and 63% respectively of scientists, compared to France with a rate of 26% or Ethiopia at 8%.

  On the occasion of the 2014 International Women’s Day, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics releases a new data tool on Women in Science. Try it out below!

  Explore the Data for Countries Worldwide

  Women in Science – a new interactive tool – presents the latest available data for countries at all stages of development. Produced by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics (UIS), the tool lets you explore and visualize gender gaps in the pipeline leading to a research career, from the decision to get a doctorate degree to the fields of research women pursue and the sectors in which they work.

  In Sweden , for example, women form the majority (60%) of students enrolled in a Bachelor’s programme, but their numbers decline as they move up the education ladder, accounting for 49% of doctoral students and only 36% of researchers. The data tool reveals this trend across every region, highlighting the conflict that many women face as they try to reconcile career ambitions with family-caring responsibilities.

  Women researchers also tend to work in the academic and government sectors, while men dominate the private sector which offers better salaries and opportunities. This is the case even in countries with high shares of women scientists. In Argentina , for example, 52% of researchers are women. However, they account for only 29% of researchers employed in the private sector.

  Perhaps most importantly, the data tool shows just how important it is to encourage girls to pursue mathematics and science at a young age. In every region, women researchers remain the minority in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). In the Republic of Gender Equality in South Korea, for example, only 17% of researchers are women and they account for just 9% of those working in the field of engineering and technology.

  By highlighting trends in different regions and countries, this tool provides a unique view on International Women’s Day (8 March). It is particularly useful for those interested in a global perspective on the gender gap in research, especially in the STEM fields. Available in English, French and Spanish, it can be easily embedded on your website, blog or social media sites.

  It should be noted that this tool presents internationally comparable data produced by the Institute. This means that the indicators can be accurately compared across countries with very different contexts for women in science. Yet, due to methodological differences, data are missing for countries such as the United States or Canada. In addition, data are also missing for some developing countries that do not have the resources to collect or report R&D data. The Institute seeks to work with all countries to improve the availability of accurate data that can be compared internationally.

  See also

  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics

  External Links

  • WOMEN AND SCIENCE

  Try the Data Tool!

  

  ]]> https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-in-science-data-tool/feed/ 0 https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/vera-rubin/ https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/vera-rubin/#respond Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wikigender.org/vera-rubin/ Vera Rubin (1928- ) is an astronomer who has done pioneering work on galaxy rotation rates. Her contribution to astronomy  was the discovery of the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves. Rubin is currently a research astronomer at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. She is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

  Table of Contents

  • 1 Early life and education
  • 2 Discoveries
  • 3 Prizes and distinctions
  • 4 See also
  • 5 References

  Early life and education

  Rubin (ne Cooper) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 23, 1928. She graduated from Vassar College in 1948 with a bachelors degree in Astronomy. She then tried to enroll at Princeton but never received their graduate catalogue as women there were not allowed in the graduate astronomy programme until 1975.

  She went instead, with her new husband Bob Rubin, a physicist, to Cornell University, where she completed a Master’s degree in 1951. Her master’s thesis was severely criticised when presented to the American Astronomical Society: Rubin suggested that galaxies might be rotating around an unknown center, not just expanding out as described in the big bang theory. There was no scientific theory to explain this finding and she was severely criticised. Despite this she went on to complete a PhD at Georgetown University in 1954. Again, her disseration was ignored and criticised; her findings were later validated.

  Discoveries

  Rubin is credited with proving the existence of “dark matter,” or nonluminous mass, and thereby altering our perceptions of the universe. With her colleagues at the Carnegie Institute (which she joined in 1965), Rubin observed through an image tube spectrograph objects that were many times fainter than those that had previously been studied. Rubin’s interest in how stars orbit their galactic centers led her and Ford to study the nearby spiral M31, the Andromeda galaxy. Newtonian gravitational theory states that an object farther from its central mass will orbit slower. But, to Rubin and her colleagues’ surprise, the scientists found that stars far from the center traveled as fast as those near the center.

  By the late 1970s, after Rubin and her colleagues had observed dozens of spirals, it was clear that something other than the visible mass was responsible for the stars’ motions. Analysis showed that each spiral galaxy is embedded in a spheroidal distribution of dark matter — a “halo.” The stars’ response to the gravitational attraction of the matter produces the high velocities. As a result of Rubin’s groundbreaking work, it has become apparent that more than 90% of the universe is composed of dark matter. During the 1970s, Rubin and collaborators Ford, Norbert Thonnard, and John Graham were among the first astronomers to examine the systemic velocities of galaxies to see if there are large-scale motions of galaxies, superposed on the general expansion of the universe. Their early work, and more recent work by others, suggests that such motions exist.

  Prizes and distinctions

  • Dickson Prize for Science
  • National Medal of Science (1993)
  • Henry Norris Russell Lectureship in 1994
  • Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1996 [She was only the second female recipient of this medal, the first being Caroline Herschel in 1828]
  • Bruce Medal in 2003
  • James Craig Watson Medal in 2004

  See also

  • Women in Science

  References

  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_Rubin
  • http://scienceweb.vassar.edu/women/
  • http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/rubinv.html
  • http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/content/view/122/168/

   

  ]]> https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/vera-rubin/feed/ 0 https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/the-media-girls/ https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/the-media-girls/#respond Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wikigender.org/the-media-girls/ “They have ads of how you should dress and what you should look like and this and that, and then they say….’but respect people for what they choose to be like.’ Okay, so which do we do first?”-Kelsey, 16, quoted in Girl Talk. Although women are 49 per cent of humanity, female characters in the media take up only 32%. Why is there such a discrepancy of such a vast majority of the earths population? In America, an average girl will watch 5,000 hours of television, including 80,000 ads, before she starts kindergarten. The differences between commercials aimed at girls, are that boys are shown out of the house 85% of the time, while more than half of the commercials of girls depict them at home. The effects of the International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF) on girls has resulted in low self image, eating disorders, and a general desire for the unattainable beauty that they are raised watching. Media Awareness Network. Media Stereotyping. 10 May 2005. 23 August 2010 http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/index.cfm

  Table of Contents

  • 1 Sexual Stereotypes
  • 2 Magazines & Self Image
  • 3 References
  • 4 See Also

  Sexual Stereotypes

  Women, who are portrayed in the media fall into the common stereotypes of the sex kitten, the girl next door, the mother or the Femme fatale What does it take for women to be recognized outside of these common identities? Professor Caryl Rivers believes that politically active women, who fall out of these common stereotypes, are often “disparaged by the media.” Hillary Clinton as First Lady, was often referred to as a “witch” or “witchlike” 50 times in the press. Rivers says “male political figures may be called mean and nasty names, but those words don’t usually reflect supersition and dread……did the press ever call Presidents Carter, Reagan, Bush, or Clinton warlocks?”. Gotz made a study, where he found that girls and women are motivated by love and romance and tend to be less independent than boys. Girls are also heavily stereotyped by their hair color….”blonds fall into two categories: the girl next door or the blond bitch, while redheads are always tomboys and heavily sexualized.

  Magazines & Self Image

  Magazines are the only media outlet where girls are over-represented. Despite this positive development, 70% of the editorial content focuses on beauty and fashion. 12% only talks about school and careers. Most of the advertisements depict women who have an unattainable beauty. A research group, called Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. reported that one in four college-aged women use unhealthy methods of weight control—fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self induced vomiting. Research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance. Teen Magazine in 2003, reported that 35% of girls between 6 and 12 years of age have been on at least one diet. They also discovered that 50-70% of normal girls are convinced that they are overweight. On average, research shows that 90% of women are unhappy with their appearance. In its 1998 study Focus on Youth, the Canadian Council on Social Development made a study saying that boys “have confidence in themselves” during adolescence while girls drop “72 % in middle school to 55% in highschool” Media Awareness Network. Media and Girls. 10 May 2005. 23 August 2010 http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_girls.cfm “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.” -Jean Kilbourne  

  References

   

  See also

  • Network of Women in Media, India
  • Face-to-face interaction between women politicians and local media in Constantine
  • International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF)
  ]]> https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/the-media-girls/feed/ 0 https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-and-thailands-industry-sector/ https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-and-thailands-industry-sector/#respond Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-and-thailands-industry-sector/

  Table of Contents

  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Situation of women workerswomen,economy and labor. http://www.gender.go.th/report/report…/economy.htmlRetrieved 10 July 2012
  • 3 Status of Thai Women in the last 2 decadesNapas Sirisampant.Status of women in the last 2 decades. Bangkok. 2544.
  • 4 See also
  • 5 References
  • 6 External links
  • 7 Group 11

  Introduction

  The number of women workers has increased in Thailand in recent years,National Statistical Office, retrieved on 10 July 2012 and the role of women in the workplace is being icreasingly recognised around the world. The years 1976–1981 known as the “Decade for Women”, were the starting point of international efforts in the field of women’s development. The advancement of Thai Women has joined the world stage, as in 1985 it was the first time that Thai Women were administered by representatives of the government in Nairobi, Kenya. The goal of the proposed developments of Thai women working is the health, education, participation in decision- making and the law. http://www.gender.go.th/report/report…/economy.html. The number of women in the agricultural sector continues to decline, and women move to the labour market as more and more industries develop. Women are essential to contribute to the country’s growing economy. In the past decade, the number of women workers entering the industry sector was impressive: in 2554 (or 2011), the total workforce was 38464666.83 people, of which 17650384.34 women and 14282.4875 men. http://www.wikigender.org/images//…/WikiGender_1780_l.png?r=1346299540 Table Source : The Labor Force Survey: National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology. EMPLOYED PERSONS 15 YEARS AND OVER BY OCCUPATION AND SEX, WHOLE KINGDOM: 2002 – 2011The Labor Force Survey: National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology. EMPLOYED PERSONS 15 YEARS AND OVER BY OCCUPATION AND SEX, WHOLE KINGDOM: 2002 – 2011http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopubli…/basestat.htmlRetrieved 10 July 2012 The above table shows that almost half of the workforce is comprised of women and the number of women workers has consistently increased. One can imagine the benefits for Thailand’s economy, as more and more women develop their skills and educational background. At present, economic and social conditions is encourage the workforce and raw materials in the country. Thai women are also more likely to have a role in the business world. Thailand has women who succeeded in the business world, for example “Yuwadee Jiratiwat”, President of the Central Department Store. She is one of Asia‘s 50 Most Powerful Businesswomen ranked by Forbes magazine. File:Yuwadee-chirathivat.jpg|Yuwadee Jiratiwat From: Forbes magazine

  Situation of women workerswomen,economy and labor. http://www.gender.go.th/report/report…/economy.htmlRetrieved 10 July 2012

  1. Women workers are mostly unskilled, with a low level f education. About 58 percent have no education beyond primary school. Their working experience is limited, and they do not benefit from the same employment conditions as men. Sometimes, women get exploited by their employers, for example in terms of their wages and well-being at work.
  2. Some women workers see their health deteriorate as they work in factories and are exposed to toxic chemicals or dust.
  3. Society puts pressure on women and children to leave the agricultural labour force and enter the labour market in the industry, trade and the service sectors.
  4. In the past 20 years, employee has transformed the employers hiring in factories. To the more formal employment. Distributed to regional and rural areas. The labor force has produced goods as well as women and children, almost 90%.
  5. Advances in technology contribute to a better and more efficient working environment; at the same time, women need to be continuously trained to acquire the necessary skills to enter the labour market in the industrial sector.

  Status of Thai Women in the last 2 decadesNapas Sirisampant.Status of women in the last 2 decades. Bangkok. 2544.

  There are some differences between the urban and rural populations, for example the illiteracy rate of rural inhabitants is higher due to their remoteness to new technologies and education. Women especially havea high illiteracy rate because they lack access to education. The percentage of female illiterates is higher than that of men, despite a slight decrease in the last 20 years. This is explained by the fact that households have progressively shifted their attitudes and make sure that their children receive an education. There are still issues with the field of study for women, as most women complete their education to a professional level in areas such as sewing, beauty, etc. But computer and technology are still preferred fiels of study for men. Women must be encouraged to receive formal and non-formal education, to develop their leadership skills at all levels. Also, non-formal education should be targeted to disadvantaged women. There is a higher proportion of women in sectors such as manufacturing, trading and services. This started before the country could develop into a Newly industrialized country. The manufacturing base has caused changes in the structure of Thai society: women have stepped out into the job market. In particular, the proportion of non-agricultural activities is greatly reduced, replaced by industry.

  See also

  • Srinakharinwirot University
  • Female Workers in the Non-Agricultural Sector

  References

   

  External links

  • National Statistical Office
  • Ministry of Labor

  Group 11

  1. Mr. Thitiwat Tanyaniyomkij 2. Mr. Ritthima Thammathorn 3. Miss Natsuda Noipong 4. Miss Krongkarn Choomeung 5. Miss Chompunoot Tanabunjerdsin 6. Mr. Apiwut Chuensanguan 7. Miss Supaporn Unjanam
  ]]> https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/women-and-thailands-industry-sector/feed/ 0 https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/womens-information-technology-transfer-witt/ https://www.wikigender.org/wiki/womens-information-technology-transfer-witt/#respond Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wikigender.org/womens-information-technology-transfer-witt/ WITT is a European network working in the field of Gender, Transformation, and Information and Communication Technologies. WITT envisions Europe as a place of real democracy in power where genders are completely equal, and women are recognised as driving force of the continent and their inputs to the society are highlighted.

  Goals

  1. Raising the awareness of women’s organisations of the power of ICTs as strategic tools for activism through knowledge sharing.
  2. Building capacity of women’s organisations through providing knowledge for ICTs skills development.
  3. Making the work of women organisations visible and accessible through providing an open ICT platform for networking, exchange and debate.
  4. Creating strategic partnerships with other organisations in the area of ICTs for purposes of advocating for social transformation

  Activities

  In order to accomplish these strategic goals we will be providing primarily women organisations and activists with:

  • Training – design and delivery
  • Tool kits
  • Skills development programme
  • Consultancy
  • Portal
  • Hosting server
  • Platform for exchange of information, experience and good practices at local, and regional level
  • Research

  References

  • http://www.witt-project.net/

   

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